Pruning shapes plants, keeps them vigorous, and stops diseases from spreading. But it’s not one-size-fits-all—the right tool and technique matter.

• For hedges and topiary: Sharp shears are the way. For small-leaf plants like box, dunk the blades in water as you go—prevents tearing and keeps the cut clean.

• For fine pruning: Secateurs again, but remember—cut just above a bud, ideally outward-facing. Cut too high and the stub dies back, inviting pests.

• For medium jobs: Loppers handle anything up to 50mm. Beyond that, grab the pruning saw.

• The big stuff: Always use a pull-saw and the three-step cut. Finish at the “collar”—that wrinkly bit at the branch base. Leave it intact; it’s packed with hormones that help the tree seal the wound.

Prune with care, and your plants will reward you with healthy new growth and elegant shapes. Hack randomly, and you’ll spend the next year regretting it.